42 F. high in the Twin Cities on Sunday.
45 F. average high on November 10.
69 F. high on November 10, 2012.
1940:
 Great Armistice Day Blizzard. 49 people died in Minnesota. Food dropped
 by Pilot Max Conrad saved stranded hunters. Barometer fell to 28.66 
inches at Duluth. Some roads were so badly blocked with snow they 
weren't opened until Nov. 22. (source: Twin Cities National Weather 
Service).
Canadian Appetizer
Yesterday
 was another meteorological disconnect, gazing out at a 
supernaturally-green lawn in need of one last mowing - long shadows cast
 by a feeble sun barely clearing the treetops. A fleeting ration of blue
 sky.
The sun is as high as it was in late January; longer nights 
and snow on the ground brewing up colder colds across Canada. A fresh 
burst of wind chill will chase away any visions of Indian Summer over 
the next 48 hours; highs stuck in the 20s today and Tuesday with a wind 
chill slipping into single digits. Cold enough.
40s return late week; a shot at low 50s next weekend with a little rain Saturday night and early Sunday.
And
 then things get more interesting. ECMWF (European) model data shows 
rain changing to snow 1 week from today. Some accumulation is possible 
as the leading edge of an "arctic gusher" sweeps southward. Think of 
today as a cold weather appetizer. The main course is 7-10 days away.
It's
 premature to contemplate snowfall amounts 1 week away - although I don't envision a
 major dumping you might just want to plant your driveway stakes within 
the next week or so.
The pattern favors cold east and mild west. Autumn is finally succumbing to winter.
Happy
 Veterans Day. Go out of your way to thank someone who has served or is 
serving. We owe these men and women nothing less than our freedom.
Anniversary Of The Armistice Day Blizzard.
 November 11-12, 1940 brought extreme changes to Minnesota; large 
temperature contrasts whipping up a sudden (unpredicted) blizzard. Could
 the same thing happen today, in spite of computer models and Doppler 
radar? I'd like to think not (if anything it would probably be 
over-hyped) but this storm was an abject lesson in humility; a lesson we
 should never forget. 
Wikipedia has a good overview of this historic storm: "
The
 morning of 11 November 1940 brought with it unseasonably high 
temperatures. By early afternoon temperatures had warmed in lower to 
middle 60s °F (18 °C) over most of the affected region. However, as the 
day wore on conditions quickly deteriorated. Temperatures dropped 
sharply, winds picked up, and rain, followed by sleet, and then snow 
began to fall. An intense low pressure system had tracked from the 
southern plains northeastward into western Wisconsin, pulling Gulf of 
Mexico moisture up from the south and pulling down a cold arctic air 
mass from the north. The result was a raging blizzard that would last 
into the next day. Snowfalls of up to 27 inches (69 cm), winds of 50 to 
80 mph (80–130 km/h), 20-foot (6.1 m) snow drifts, and 50-degree 
Fahrenheit (30 °C) temperature drops were common over parts of the 
states of Nebraska, South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and 
Michigan. In Minnesota, 27 inches (69 cm) of snow fell at Collegeville, 
and the Twin Cities recorded 16 inches (41 cm). Record low pressures 
were recorded in La Crosse, Wisconsin and Duluth, Minnesota. 
Transportation and communications were crippled, which exacerbated 
finding the dead and injured. The Armistice Day Blizzard ranks #2 in 
Minnesota's list of top-5 weather events of the 20th century..."
Serious Ups And Downs.
 Here is ECMWF Guidance looking out 8 days, showing temperatures holding
 in the 20s today and Tuesday as wind chill values sink into single 
digits at times. At least the sun should be out later today and all day 
Tuesday. We warm into the 40s during the latter half of the week, 50s 
over the weekend with light rain or showers Saturday night into early 
Sunday, then a period of rain changing to snow 1 week from today as MUCH
 colder air approaches. Temperatures dip into the teens by Tuesday of 
next week. Graph: Weatherspark.
84 Hour Snowfall Forecast.
 A surge of Canadian air sets off a streak of snow from the Midwest into
 the Ohio Valley and Virginias by midweek, lake effect snows kicking in 
downwind of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. 12 km NAM guidance courtesy
 of NOAA and Ham Weather.
Total Snowfall Amounts By Noon Wednesday.
 Heaviest snows are predicted over the U.P. of Michigan and the snow 
belts in northern Indiana, some 6"+ amounts over upstate New York and 
northern New England, as well as the mountaints of Montana. Map: NOAA 
and Ham Weather.
Average Date Of The First Measurable Snow. This is for the period 1981 - 2010, courtesy of the 
Midwest Regional Climate Center.
Philippines Typhoon Haiyan: "It Was Like A Tsunami".
 Of course they're refering to the storm surge, a dome of water 
preceding the eye of this record storm, possibly 15 feet or more above 
sea level. 
Z News has more details; here's an excerpt: "
Tacloban:
 The fierce storm that ravaged Philippines on Friday inflicted massive 
destruction and wreaked havoc in the country with many likening it to 
tsunami as most of the deaths were caused by the towering sea waves. A 
top UN disaster management official recalled Indian Ocean tsunami of 
2004 while describing the situation. “The last time I saw something of 
this scale was in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami", Sebastian 
Rhodes Stampa, the head of United Nations disaster assessment team which
 visited the area on Saturday, said in his report as cited by the New 
York Times. “This is destruction on a massive scale. There are cars 
thrown like tumbleweed,” he added.Philippines Interior Secretary Mar 
Roxas described the situation as "horrific" adn said that the level of 
destruction called for an overwhelming level of relief and rescue 
operations..."
Photo credit above: "
The 
devastation caused by Typhoon Haiyan, is seen Sunday, Nov. 10, 2013, in 
Tacloban city, Leyte province in central Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan, 
one of the most powerful storms on record, slammed into six central 
Philippine islands on Friday, leaving a wide swath of destruction and 
scores of people dead." (AP Photo/Toti Navales).
Scale Of Damage Caused By Super Typhoon Emerges. Here's a video clip and excerpt from 
ITV News: "...
Experienced
 aid workers are saying they haven't seen anything like it since the 
December 2004 Asian Tsunami, and that's not a comparison you make 
lightly. The US military is standing by by ready to give assistance. I 
was speaking to a colonel in the US Marines today. He had been up with 
the air force, surveying the worst affected areas. The government of the
 Philippines has now accepted the UN offer of international assistance..."
858 mb. 
Data suggests that the central pressure of Super Typhoon Haiyan may have dropped to 
858 mb before reaching the Philippines, an unimaginable 25.33" of mercury. 
That would make Haiyan the strongest storm ever observed on the face of the Earth. This is satellite-derived and not yet confirmed.
* here's a good link with photos and video clips showing the aftermath of Haiyan from 
The Washington Post.
* 
Reuters now estimates the Philippine death toll from Haiyan at "at least 10,000".
Super Typhoon Haiyan: One Of The Word's Most Powerful Storms In History From Space.
 Here's a reminder of how vitally important weather satellites are 
across the board, but especially with hurricane tracking and intensity 
estimates. The USA is the only nation that flies planes (and probes) 
into hurricanes to get a more accurate 3-D picture of a storm. 
Meteorologist Jason Samenow has more details at 
The Capital Weather Gang: "
Over
 the last three days, satellite imagery has provided astonishing views 
of the storm’s structure. Many meteorologists, myself included, have 
remarked that they’ve never seen a storm with such an impressive 
presentation. From its unmistakably clear eye (episodically blurred by 
small swirls or mesovortices spinning inside it), the towering 
thunderstorms surrounding it, and its impeccable symmetry – it is a 
textbook, “perfect” tropical cyclone..." (enhanced IR loop: NOAA).
* more on the Saffir Simpson Scale for rating hurricane intensities, based on wind speed and damage 
here.
* here's more information from 
The Red Cross on how you can help Super Typhoon Haiyan survivors.
Should There Be A Category 6 For Hurricanes? Greg Laden brings up the pros and cons in a post at 
scienceblogs.com; here's a clip: "...
There
 is resistance to this proposal that comes from two mostly distinct 
places. One is the community of those who deny the science of climate 
change, or climate change itself, or science itself. Their motivation is
 to not allow the so called “alarmists” (those who are alarmed at the 
changes happening on our planet) to have a tool to point out that severe
 weather can be very severe indeed. The other is the subset of 
meteorologists who are actually correct, in a way, when they point out 
that the Saffir Simpson scale, the scale with the five categories, can’t
 be extended because of the way it is built, but who are very incorrect,
 I think, when they point out that extending the scale would damage the 
most important available tool for scaring people into running away (or 
staying indoors)..."
Scientists Develop A New Way Of Classifying Hurricanes.
 There are probably more effective ways to communicate the potential 
damage of a given hurricane, going beyond Saffir Simpson. Here's an 
excerpt of a relevant and still-timely May 7, 2013 post from 
Climate Central: "...
Now,
 a new study, published in the journal Monthly Weather Review by 
scientists from Florida State University, proposes a new metric that 
aims to complement Saffir-Simpson and other recently developed scales by
 taking into account a storm's intensity, duration and size. The metric,
 know as "Track Integrated Kinetic Energy", or TIKE, builds from an 
existing measure of storm integrated kinetic energy (IKE), which was 
developed in 2007..." (Image: NOAA).
After Typhoon, A Look At Powerful U.S. Storms. Here's a good recap of America's most extreme hurricanes, courtesy of AP and 
seattlepi.com: "
A
 typhoon that slammed the Philippines is among the strongest on record 
with sustained winds of nearly 150 mph when it made landfall, and the 
destruction it caused rivals that of some of the most powerful 
hurricanes to strike the U.S. mainland. A hurricane's intensity is 
typically gauged by its barometric pressure. Below are the five most 
intense hurricanes on record to strike the U.S. mainland, ranked by 
minimum pressure at landfall, according to the National Hurricane Center
 in Miami. Forecasters say the accuracy of wind speeds is somewhat 
uncertain for some historical hurricanes because of limits on technology
 at the time..."
Photo credit above: "
This 
September 1935 file photo shows the wreckage of an 11-car passenger 
train that was derailed by a Labor Day hurricane in the Florida Keys. 
The Hurricane Center says no wind measurements were available from the 
core of this small but “vicious” hurricane, which was a Category 5 storm
 when it reached the Florida Keys. But a pressure measurement taken at 
Long Key, Fla., makes it the most intense hurricane ever to make 
landfall on the U.S. mainland. It was blamed for 408 deaths and caused 
an estimated $6 million (1935 dollars) in damage." Photo: Uncredited, AP.
Tranquil Year For Tornadoes. 2013 has been the second-quietest year for tornadoes since 1990, according to NOAA SPC. 
USA Today has a good recap; here's the introduction: "
Hurricanes
 have been on holiday this year, and so too have their ferocious 
cousins, tornadoes. The USA is enjoying its second-consecutive 
below-average tornado season, and one of the calmest years for tornadoes
 in more than two decades, according to data from the Storm Prediction 
Center in Norman, Okla. "It's been a near-record quiet year, especially 
with respect to strong to violent tornadoes," said warning coordination 
meteorologist Greg Carbin of the prediction center..."
Graphic credit
 above: Storm Prediction Center, Roger Pielke Jr., University of 
Colorado; 1 - Numbers are for Jan. 1 through Oct. 31 of each year. 2013 
number is preliminary; 2 - NOAA estimated. Janet Loehrke and Doyle Rice,
 USA TODAY.
China's Massive Pollution Problem. 
The Week has an update; here's the intro: "
How
 bad is China's smog? Sixteen of the world's 20 most polluted cities are
 in China. The air in some cities there is so bad that, at times, 
visibility drops to 30 feet, traffic slows to a crawl, and nearly 
everyone wears masks over their noses and mouths. In Harbin, a city of 
11 million people, government officials recently shut down roads, 
schools, and the airport when air pollution levels hit 40 times the safe
 limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO). During the 
"airpocalypse" in Beijing earlier this year, the density of small, 
lung-penetrating particles reached 993 micrograms per cubic meter — a 
concentration normally not seen outside of forest fires. The U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers anything above 300 
dangerous, and maxes out its scale at 500..."
Photo credit above: "
A
 Chinese man covers his nose and mouth as he walks on the street during a
 day of heavy pollution in Harbin in northeast China's Heilongjiang 
province Monday Oct. 21, 2013. Visibility shrank to less than half a 
football field and small-particle pollution soared to a record 40 times 
higher than an international safety standard in the northern Chinese 
city as the region entered its high-smog season." (AP Photo)
Remembering The "White Hurricane" Of Mid-November, 1913. Here's a 
great recap
 of a wild storm that whipped up 90-mph winds and 30-40 foot seas on the
 Great Lakes in 1913, courtesy of the Detroit office of the National 
Weather Service: "
During
 the infamous “White Hurricane” of November 1913, intense lake-effect 
snow occurred downwind of the Great Lakes as cold, arctic air moved over
 the relatively warm lake water. The wind and snow combined to cause 
whiteout conditions, paralyzing many cities across the Great Lakes 
Region. Port Huron, Mich., and Cleveland,
 Ohio, were two of the hardest-hit cities, experiencing both heavy 
snowfall and tremendous snow drifts. Cleveland broke its 24-hour 
snowfall record, with 17.4 inches in one day and a three-day total of 
22.2 inches. High winds caused extensive power outages across the Great 
Lakes, effectively cutting off communication via telephone and telegraph."

 
Fear Of The Dark. How real are the risks of a major failure of the power grid? The New York Times takes a look - here's an excerpt: "...Energy
 in general is something people like to worry about, said Mr. Apt, and 
grid failure is the latest target of that anxiety. “It echoes the ‘peak 
oil’ theme,” he said, referring to the alarmist concern, especially 
before the advent of fracking, that oil supplies had peaked and were 
about to shrink, with catastrophic results. The idea of a sustained 
blackout resonates in the public’s mind, agreed David Ropeik, an expert 
on risk perception, particularly because it could come from either 
cyberattack, physical attack by terrorists or even Mother Nature as a 
side effect of solar flares. “It is one of those low-probability, 
high-consequence events that every once in awhile scares the bejesus out
 of us,” he said..."
 
TODAY: Slow clearing, windy and cold. Wind chill: 10F Winds: N 20. High: 25
MONDAY NIGHT: Clear and numbing - coldest night yet. Low: 16
TUESDAY: Cold, bright sun. Less wind. High: 29
WEDNESDAY: Plenty of sun, milder breeze. Wake-up: 22. High: near 40
THURSDAY: Clouds, few sprinkles/flurries. Wake-up: 32. High: 43
FRIDAY: Mix of clouds and sun. Wake-up: 32. High: 46
SATURDAY: Milder with increasing clouds. Rain at night. Wake-up: 38. High: 52
SUNDAY: Rain tapers early. Still mild. Wake-up: 43. High: 53
Climate Stories...
Credit 
here.
South Florida Faces Ominous Prospects From Rising Waters. 
The New York Times has the story - here's a clip: "...
Much
 of Florida’s 1,197-mile coastline is only a few feet above the current 
sea level, and billions of dollars’ worth of buildings, roads and other 
infrastructure lies on highly porous limestone that leaches water like a
 sponge. But while officials here and in other coastal cities, many of 
whom attended a two-day conference on climate change
 last week in Fort Lauderdale, have begun to address the problem, the 
issue has gotten little traction among state legislators in Tallahassee.
 The issue appears to be similarly opaque to segments of the community —
 business, real estate, tourism — that have a vested interest in 
protecting South Florida’s bustling economy..."
 
Vermont's Bill McKibbon Finds Climate Change Taking A Toll - On Him. I've met Bill - he's passionate, relentless and tenacious, and he keeps up an almost supernatural pace. 
The Rutland Herald has the story - here's a clip: "
In
 his travels as an environmental author and activist, Ripton resident 
Bill McKibben is used to receiving climate-change questions from 
skeptics who sound like Stephen Colbert, the sly television satirist who
 once inquired, “Did you come down from Vermont in some car powered by 
self-righteousness?” But the author of the first book about global 
warming written for a general audience was surprised recently by the 
mother of one of his daughter’s former schoolmates. Standing outside a 
local library, the woman was distributing fliers accusing the crusader 
who has jetted to every continent (“once I hit four of them in six 
days”) of having too big a carbon footprint..."
Photo credit above: Kevin O’Connor Photo. "
Vermont environmental author and activist Bill McKibben speaks at Landmark College in Putney."
Twin Cities Average Annual Temperature Trends Since 1873. Data courtesy of NOAA.
Super Typhoon Haiyan: A Hint Of What's To Come? Climate Central
 meteorologist Andrew Freedman takes a look at how warming oceans may be
 impacting the intensity of hurricanes and typhoons; here's a clip: "
Super Typhoon Haiyan was one of the most intense tropical cyclones at landfall on record when it struck the Philippines on Nov. 7. Its maximum sustained winds at landfall were pegged at 195 mph with gusts above 220 mph. Some meteorologists even proclaimed it to be the strongest tropical cyclone at landfall in recorded history.
 Haiyan’s strength and the duration of its Category 5 intensity — the 
storm remained at peak Category 5 intensity for an incredible 48 
straight hours — raises the question of whether manmade global warming 
tipped the odds in favor of such an extreme storm. After all, the global
 atmosphere contains 4 percent more water vapor than there was in the 
1970s and global air and sea surface temperatures are higher now than 
they used to be, due in large part to manmade global warming as well as 
natural climate variability. These changes would, in theory at least, 
lead to stronger and wetter storms..."
Image credit above: "
Graphic
 showing the total amount of heat energy available for Super Typhoon 
Haiyan to absorb, not just on the surface, but integrated through the 
water column. Deeper, warmer pools of water are colored purple, though 
any region colored from pink to purple has sufficient energy to fuel 
storm intensification. The dotted line represents the best-track and 
forecast data as of 16:00 UTC on Nov. 7." Credit: NOAA.
More information on the image above provided by NOAA:
"
The
 intensification of Super Typhoon Haiyan is being fueled by "ideal" 
environmental conditions - namely low wind shear and warm ocean 
temperatures. Maximum sustained winds are currently at 195 mph, well 
above the Category 5 classification used for Atlantic and East Pacific 
hurricanes. Plotted here is the average Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential 
product for October 28 - November 3, 2013, taken directly from NOAA 
View. This dataset, developed byNOAA/AOML, shows the total amount of 
heat energy available for the storm to absorb, not just on the surface, 
but integrated through the water column. Deeper, warmer pools of water 
are colored purple, though any region colored from pink to purple has 
sufficient energy to fuel storm intensification. The dotted line 
represents the best-track and forecast data as of 16:00 UTC on November 
7, 2013."
"Last" Arctic Region Succumbing To Global Warming. Here's the intro to a story at 
Blue and Green Tomorrow: "
Researchers
 from Ontario universities say that the lakes of the Hudson Bay Lowlands
 in north-east Canada, one of the last areas to hold out against global 
warming trends, are showing signs of sudden change. Their study,
 published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, notes that
 the sub-Arctic region had maintained stable, cool temperatures for 
hundreds of years until the mid-1990s, thanks to sea ice on Hudson Bay –
 the largest northern inland sea – that naturally cooled the waters. 
However, average air temperatures in the area have also risen 
dramatically – going from around 0C in the mid-1990s to 3C by the end of
 the 2000s in the shoreline town of Churchill, Manitoba. By studying 
long-dead algae from the lakebeds off the Hudson Bay shoreline, the 
scientists found that the waters have warmed at an extraordinary rate 
and magnitude over the last two decades..."
Could Hybrid Nuclear Plants Help Stem Global Warming? Clean Technica has the story - here's the introduction: "
MIT's
 Charles Forsberg has come up with an idea that might work to combine 
nuclear energy generation with renewable energies in an effort to halt 
the need for fossil fuels. The idea proposes combining a nuclear power 
plant with another renewable energy system, which Forsberg argues "could
 add up to much more than the sum of its parts..."
Is This The Most Anti-Science, Anti-Environmental TV Ad Ever? Who needs trees when you have Toys "R" Us? Here's an excerpt and video clip from 
Huffington Post: "...
In
 this ad, kids are loaded onto a school bus labeled "Meet the Trees 
Foundation." The guide, under the guise of being "Ranger Brad" says, 
"Today we're taking some kids on the best field trip they could wish 
for." He then shows them some pictures of leaves, while the camera pans 
around the bus at bored, tired, yawning kids. Then, surprise! He reveals
 they are not going on a natural science field trip at all, but to... 
Toys "R" Us! Celebration! Confetti littering the ground as the kids run 
from the bus into the store! Free wild rumpus in the store playing with 
whatever they want. Hooray!.."
 
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